Journal of Legal Studies is committed to maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity and publication ethics. The journal strictly prohibits plagiarism in any form and requires all submitted manuscripts to be original works of the authors.

Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, ideas, data, figures, or tables from other sources without proper citation or acknowledgment.
• Submitting another person's work as one's own.
• Self-plagiarism or redundant publication without proper disclosure.
• Paraphrasing substantial portions of another work without appropriate attribution.
• Duplicate submission of the same manuscript to multiple journals simultaneously.

Similarity Check

All manuscripts submitted to Journal of Legal Studies will undergo plagiarism screening using reliable plagiarism detection software, such as:

• Turnitin
• iThenticate
• Other equivalent similarity detection tools

Similarity Threshold

The journal applies the following similarity standards:

• The overall similarity index should not exceed 20%.
• Similarity originating from references, quotations, methodological descriptions, and standard legal terminology may be excluded from the final assessment.
• Any single source contribution should generally not exceed 5%, except for properly cited legal documents, statutes, or official regulations.

Editorial Action

If plagiarism is detected, the Editorial Board may take one or more of the following actions:

Before Publication

• Request revisions and proper citation from the author(s).
• Reject the manuscript if significant plagiarism is identified.
• Suspend the review process until clarification is provided.

After Publication

• Publish a correction notice if minor issues are identified.
• Retract the article in cases of serious plagiarism or academic misconduct.
• Notify the author's institution or affiliated organization if necessary.

Author Responsibility

By submitting a manuscript to Journal of Legal Studies, authors declare that:

• The manuscript is original and has not been published previously.
• The manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
• All sources of information have been properly cited and acknowledged.
• The work does not violate any copyright or intellectual property rights.

Compliance with Publication Ethics

The journal follows internationally recognized principles of publication ethics and academic integrity to ensure the quality, credibility, and reliability of published research.

Authors found to have committed plagiarism or other forms of academic misconduct may be subject to manuscript rejection, article retraction, and restrictions on future submissions to the journal.